Urinary NGAL is a novel biomarker for various kidney injuries, such as gentamicin-induced tubular damage [53,54,55,56], tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (an anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent)-induced tubular damage [57], heatstroke-induced kidney injury [58], envenomation-derived tubular injury [23], ischemia/reperfusion injury [59], X-linked hereditary nephropathy [60], and post-surgery kidney injury [61]. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and kidney injury.