RET and lung carcinoma: In recent years, specific biomarkers such as PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1), MET (Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition), RET, NTRK, PIK3CA, HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor), and STK11 have gained attention as crucial tools for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of lung cancer [86].