Thus, another goal of this study was to determine whether HIFU treatment causes an influx of immune cells into the tumor area and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Here, IL1A is linked to neoplasm.