Beyond GEMM models, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) can be adapted for studies to retain the heterogeneity and complexity of human tumours, providing a robust platform for studying the tumour-intrinsic modulation of the IL-8/CXCR1/2 axis in PCa, but they are limited in their application to the murine immune compartment [52,53,54]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.