CXCL8 and neoplasm: IL-8, a key pro-inflammatory chemokine, signals through two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), CXCR1 and CXCR2 [21,22], and has been shown to be upregulated in PCa and other cancers, including breast, lung, and pancreatic [23,24,25], promoting tumour cell proliferation and migration [26].