A recent study also suggested that sex hormones may have a substantial impact on the function of the dopaminergic system; a 21-year-old woman, with a homozygous c.G859A parkin mutation was treated with STN-DBS with eminent clinical improvement after the operation but the patient soon reported more “off” periods with painful dystonia, during the luteal phase of her menstrual cycle. Here, PRKN is linked to Dystonia.