The clinical and neuroradiographic overlapping features of PKAN and PDH E2 deficiency as well as CoA synthase protein-associated neurodegeneration (CoPAN), and Mitochondrial Enoyl CoA Reductase protein-associated neurodegeneration (MePAN), suggest a common element in their pathogeneses [54]. Here, PDP1 is linked to pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration.