HMOX1 and inflammatory bowel disease: For example, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit promoted the growth of probiotic bacteria (Bifidobacterium, Anaerotruncus, and Lactobacillus) in the intestine and inhibited the colonization of pathogenic bacteria (Bacteroides and Streptococcus) by upregulating the protein levels of nuclear Nrf2 and HO-1, and inhibiting the protein expression of Keap1 and cytoplasmic Nrf2, which contributed to maintaining IBD mouse intestinal homeostasis [99].