TLSs are associated with high levels of CD4+ TILs, CD8+ TILs, and CD45RO+ TILs but not with high levels of FOXP3+ TILs, correlating with longer pancreas-specific survival and favorable outcomes with adjuvant S-1 therapy.428 These findings highlight the potential of TLSs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in PDAC, revealing complex interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is neoplasm.