This association suggests a complex interplay of immune responses in GCA, further underscored by the observation that stimulating myofibroblasts with specific agonists and cytokines enhances the expression of BAFF and CXCL13.51 These insights underscore the intricate immunological landscape of GCA, highlighting the significance of TLSs in its pathogenesis. Here, CXCL13 is linked to temporal arteritis.