Notably, TIM4+ macrophages in TLS− tumors express IL-10 and TGF-β, promoting immunosuppressive function, while those in TLS+ tumors enhance the prognosis of patients.166 In addition, the high expression of PD-L1 within TLSs is mainly from macrophages.167 Therefore, inhibition of macrophages or treatment with immune checkpoint blockers significantly enhances T cell and B cell infiltration and promotes tumor regression.168. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.