IL1A and colonic neoplasm: However, IL-1r−/− mice, despite surviving long-term post-IAV infection, show no iBALT formation due to the IL-1 signaling pathway blockade, and CXCL13 expression is also reduced.197 Furthermore, an over-three-fold increase in IL-1β and IL-1α was observed on day 7 following intranasal instillation of cSiO2, leading to TLS development after 21 days in the lungs.198 Weinstein AM et al. reported that IL-36γ is predominantly expressed by M1 macrophages and endothelial cells (ECs) in colon cancer mouse models, including SMA+ smooth muscle cells and PNAd+ HEVs.