FOXP3 and neoplasm: TLSs are associated with high levels of CD4+ TILs, CD8+ TILs, and CD45RO+ TILs but not with high levels of FOXP3+ TILs, correlating with longer pancreas-specific survival and favorable outcomes with adjuvant S-1 therapy.428 These findings highlight the potential of TLSs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in PDAC, revealing complex interactions between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system.