In the early LUAD, CD4+ T cells prime aggregated around alveolar epithelial cells, and CD8+ T cells and B cells were scattered, constituting TLS precursors; with tumor invasion, Tfh cells appeared and were accompanied by B cell aggregation, forming early TLSs; finally, mature B cell zone and T cell zone was formed, which were defined as mature TLSs. Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.