Others have demonstrated a strong association between CD38 expression and CXCL12 signaling activation, likely because of physical proximity on the cell surface, and CD38 binding with agonistic monoclonal antibodies can induce CXCL12 pathway, while its blocking abolishes this chemokine effects and CLL homing to lymphoid organs in a mouse model [40]. Here, CXCL12 is linked to B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.