CD38 and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Others have demonstrated a strong association between CD38 expression and CXCL12 signaling activation, likely because of physical proximity on the cell surface, and CD38 binding with agonistic monoclonal antibodies can induce CXCL12 pathway, while its blocking abolishes this chemokine effects and CLL homing to lymphoid organs in a mouse model [40].