In addition, the roles of NID1 (ref. 46), C1QTNF1 (refs. 42,47), SPARCL1 (ref. 48), CRTAC1 (ref. 45) and MEGF9 (ref. 49) in cardiac remodeling confirmed their relevance to and the prognostic significance for RV dysfunction in PAH. The gene discussed is C1QTNF1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.