NPPB and hydrops fetalis: IGFBP7 is as effective as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) but independent from NT-proBNP in providing diagnosis and prognosis in patients presenting with dyspnea and acute HF where elevated concentrations of IGFBP7 predict major adverse cardiovascular events and are correlated with disease severity and structural abnormalities of the heart19,20.