To address if it is indeed myocardial IGFBP7 that directly regulates pathological cardiac remodeling, AAV9-mediated shRNA knockdown of Igfbp7 in cardiac myocytes by echocardiography-guided left ventricular intracavitary injection (echo-guided LV injection)46 of AAV9-Igfbp7-shRNA in post-TAC mice hearts was used. This evidence concerns the gene IGFBP7 and persistent truncus arteriosus.