For instance, in an in vivo and in silico analysis, the authors found that glyphosate exposure dose-dependently increased serum HbA1c levels and compromised pancreatic beta-cells in rats, which might cause one to speculate that glyphosate affects the expression of diabetes-related genes (akt, irs-1, c-Src, β-arrestin-2, pi3k, and glut4) via a direct molecular docking mechanism [42]. This evidence concerns the gene IRS1 and diabetes mellitus.