NFKB1 and cancer: The NF-κB signaling pathway was a target of fucoidan, and it was found that fucoidan can suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway in different animal models and cell types, and can also inhibit the phosphorylation of MAPK enzymes, including ERK, JNK, and p38, in various models of inflammation, cancer, and ischemia-reperfusion injury [64].