TLR4 and melanoma: According to the study conducted by Cao et al., EV-like Panax ginseng C.A. Mey.-derived nanoparticles (GDNPs) proficiently inhibit melanoma growth by inhibiting the M2-like polarization of macrophages through a mechanism dependent on Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4/myeloid differentiation antigen 88 (MyD88) signaling.