Infection of the lower respiratory tract by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) is subjective to two regulatory mechanisms: the recruitment of innate immune cells, as exemplified by the upregulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3), and the disruption of cilia and cytoskeletal structure, including the down-regulation of DNAH7, FOXJ1, and regulatory factor X3 (RFX3) [71]. Here, RFX3 is linked to infection.