Noteworthy is the observed increase in IL-6 and TNF-α levels 24 h post-birth in infants who later developed ROP, which, alongside our findings of a significant relationship between TNF-alpha levels and ROP severity, underscores the potential of integrating inflammatory markers with IGF1 profiling to enhance ROP risk assessment and management strategies. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and retinopathy of prematurity.