INS and diabetes mellitus: Patients with diabetes have lower neutrophil chemotactic activity [97], impaired phagocytic and microbicidal functions (because a certain number of enzymes are insulin-dependent), decreased lysosomal enzyme release, impaired endothelium adhesion, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [86,92,93,97,98,99], oxidative stress injuries, and chronic inflammation resulting from the hyperglycemic environment and ketoacidosis [100].