RB1 and ovarian carcinoma: Moreover, ERβ has been observed to suppress the expression of genes such as sema 4D [211], retinoblastoma protein (Rb), phosphorylated (p)-Rb, and AKT, which, in turn, reduces the frequency of S-phase cells and increases G2/M-phase cells [215], ultimately leading to the inhibition of proliferation in ovarian cancer cells.