VEGFA and cancer: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were involved in pathways such as the HIF-1 signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, fructose and mannose metabolism, the biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, microRNAs in cancer, the PI3K-Akt pathway, the MAPK pathway, and the VEGF pathway (Figure 2D).