Our findings suggest that diabetes may potentially result in damage to the reproductive system of male silkworms: (1) diabetes may lead to a reduction in LH and T levels; (2) diabetes may induce pathological harm to the testis; (3) diabetes may result in a decrease in testicular GSH-Px and SOD levels, along with an increase in MDA levels; (4) diabetes may decrease the expression of siwi1 and siwi2 in the testis. Here, SOD1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.