Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which detect Plasmodiumfalciparum (Pf)-specific histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP2), haveincreasing importance for the diagnosis and control of malaria, especiallyalso in regions where routine diagnosis by microscopy is not available.HRP2-based RDTs have a similar sensitivity to expert microscopy, but theirreported low specificity can lead to high false positivity rates,particularly in high-endemic areas. This evidence concerns the gene HDGFL2 and malaria.