APOA1 and diabetes mellitus: Jumaah et al. (62) observed a beneficial effect of the use of zinc, magnesium, and vitamin D on signs and symptoms of diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis, and Shidfar et al. (64) reported an increase over placebo in apolipoprotein A-I and a decrease in the apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio with zinc and vitamin A intervention.