INS and chronic kidney disease: On the other hand, when using UVMR to explore the causal effects of candidate mediators on CKD, HC, WC, smoking initiation, age of Smoking Initiation, coffee intake, HDL-C, LDL-C, fasting insulin, physical activity, or sedentary behavior were excluded due to non-significant p-values, and this discrepancy in results is since traditional observational studies have not done a good job of excluding confounders or the presence of reverse causality.