INS and diabetic kidney disease: However, each 1-SD unit with higher WHR (OR 0.6326; 95% CI 0.4994, 0.8014), fasting glucose (OR 0.4478; 95% CI 0.2270, 0.8836), and fasting insulin (OR 0.4850; 95% CI 0.2661, 0.8842) were associated with a decreased risk of DKD after adjusting for education (Table 2).