Compared to the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS), which require subjective assessment, the GNRI is a brief, objective nutritional measure that only involves two constituents (serum albumin concentration and actual-to-ideal body weight ratio), and it has already as validated as an effective assessment tool for ESRD patients in Asia (39). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is nutritional deficiency disease.