The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) defines malnutrition to include at least one of the following criteria: a weight loss of more than 10% of the original weight within six months, a BMI lower than 18.5 kg/m2, serum albumin less than 35 g/L, in the absence of liver or kidney dysfunction (130–135). The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is nutritional deficiency disease.