Notably, key upregulated genes including C3, CXCL8, SLPI, CXCL1, CXCL2, IL1B, CCL20, and CFB, in our 3D model were also upregulated in 3D ovarian cancer cell lines (Kerslake et al., 2023). Here, CXCL1 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.