Subsequently, researchers used lupus animal models to study the in vivo effects of metformin on ADMSCs, and the results demonstrated that metformin significantly mitigated the clinical features of lupus, nephritis, and immune cell dysfunction in mice by regulating CD90.2+CD4−CD8− double-negative T cells, CD4+IL-17+ T cells, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, indicating that ADMSCs treated with metformin possess a comprehensive immune regulatory capacity, which may have potential in the clinical application of MSCs for lupus cell therapy (Park et al., 2020). Here, FOXP3 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.