IFNA1 and systemic lupus erythematosus: The ROSE trial investigated rontalizumab, a humanised IgG1 anti-IFN-α monoclonal antibody against all 12 IFN-α subtypes preventing signalling through the type I IFN receptor, in 238 patients with moderate-to-severe SLE.7 The primary (British Isles Lupus Disease Activity Group [BILAG]-2004) and secondary (SLE Responder Index, SRI) endpoints of this phase II trial were not met in the overall patient population, nor in those with a high IFN signature (measured by an IFN signature metric, based on gene expression).