In a 36-week, phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the efficacy and safety of the immunotherapeutic vaccine IFN-α kinoid (IFN-K) was evaluated in 185 patients with moderate to severe SLE and a positive IFN signature (based on a selection of 10 IFN-inducible genes).6 Although the study did not meet its primary endpoint of BICLA response rate, the drug induced neutralising anti-IFN-α2b antibodies in 91% of patients, thus significantly reducing the IFN gene signature. Here, IFNK is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.