TP53 and neoplasm: Concurrently, increased TLS density in the IM region was associated with squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.005), lymph node metastasis (P=0.013), and smoking history (P=0.045), while higher PT TLS density was mainly in male patients (P=0.001), associated with squamous cell carcinoma (P=0.000), large tumor diameter (P=0.013), smoking history (P=0.004), and absence of P53 (P=0.015), which may indicate that TLS density in the IM and PT regions was associated with adverse factors like tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.