Employing anti-RAGE antibodies to inhibit RAGE activity can suppress the HMGB1/RAGE signaling axis, thereby alleviating endothelial dysfunction and diminishing inflammation within endothelial cells.285,300,301(Fig. 5) By modulating this pathway, it may be possible to alleviate the detrimental effects of elevated UA levels on endothelial function and reduce associated cardiovascular risks.105,265,302. Here, HMGB1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.