NF1 and neoplasm: A third of cases harbored NF1 gene alterations, which have been associated with clinical response to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib in those with NF1-related inoperable neurofibromas.32 Additional gene alterations in the RTK/RAS/RAF pathway, including NRAS and BRAF, were frequently identified (5%-15%) and have multiple FDA-approved therapies in other tumor types, as listed in Table 3.