PD-1 blockade has been shown to reinvigorate and expand exhausted tumor-reactive PD-1+ CD8 T cells and CTLA-4 blockade to promote T cell priming, clonal expansion, and CD4 and CD8 T cell trafficking into immunologically cold tumors (Kvistborg et al., 2014; Wei et al., 2018). Here, CTLA4 is linked to neoplasm.