UPF1 and viral infectious disease: For example, several positive single‐stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA), including potato virus X (PVX), turnip crinkle virus, semliki forest virus, murine hepatitis virus, and Zika virus, have been identified to be susceptible to NMD.[11, 12, 13, 14] Using PVX‐GFP as a model, mutation of a major NMD effector, UFP1, in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced PVX‐GFP accumulation and transient overexpression of wild‐type rather than dominant‐negative UPF1 restricted virus infection in Nicotiana benthamiana.