PARP3 and brain cancer: 48). Overexpression of PARP3 in breast cancer patients correlates with an increase of tumour aggressiveness and a reduction of survival rate. Remarkably, PARP3 promotes TFGβ-induced EMT and cell proliferation of triple-negative breast cancer by increasing the stability of mTORC2 complex (Refs 49, 50). Moreover, in glioblastoma cells, PARP3 acts to maintain the cytoskeletal microtubule stability and its absence markedly increases the sensitivity of glioblastoma cells to microtubule-destabilizing agents, providing a novel therapeutic strategy in brain cancer therapy (Ref. 51).