CD274 and neoplasm: In addition, the dynamic characterization of the tumor microenvironment during neoadjuvant treatment also offers the possibility of an optimized assessment of response predictors to the therapy, based upon the evaluation of biomarkers that include the mutational burden (TMB), PD-L1 expression, inflammatory genes expression profiles (GEPs), and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), which may prompt adaptive treatment strategies, as well as the possibility of exploring new potential biomarkers and targets that may contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of resistance [25].