Curcumin improved skeletal muscle atrophy in type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting the muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligases atrogin-1/MAFbx and MuRF1, oxidative stress, and inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-1β) (39). This evidence concerns the gene FBXO32 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.