The candidate predictors, sex, age, race, education, marital status, PIR, BMI, ALB, ALT, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), ALK, BUN, serum calcium, creatine kinase (CK), TC, SCr, FBG, Fe, Pi, TBIL, SUA, TG, smoking, drug use for DM, heart failure (HF), CAD, stroke, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, HDL, HbA1c, depressed, somnipathy, and aspirin, were included in the original model, which were then reduced to eight potential predictors using LASSO regression analysis performed in the training cohort. The gene discussed is ALK; the disease is diabetes mellitus.