CXCL13 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Indeed, plasma CXCL13 was higher in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis [36] and in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis with active disease [37] while urinary CXCL13 was increased in antibody-mediated kidney graft rejection [38].