ENTPD1 and neoplasm: (29) used CD39 inhibitor (CD39i) POM1 and AMP-activated protein kinase agonist metformin, both of which were encapsulated in cancer-cell-derived exosomes and used as nanocarriers for tumor-targeted delivery to achieve metabolic reprogramming of TME, thereby preventing tumor recurrence and overcoming anti-PD-1 resistance.