In human studies, Lcn2 levels in urine and tissue samples from breast cancer patients have correlated with the presence of cancer status and poor prognosis (136).Moreover, the MMP-9/NGAL complex was detected in 86.36% of urine samples from breast cancer patients, contrasting with its absence in samples from healthy age and sex-matched controls (35). The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is breast carcinoma.