PCA3 and prostate carcinoma: Because the transformation of a normal cell into a malignant cell is usually accompanied by profound genetic changes, epigenetically active long noncoding RNAs (Inc RNAs), such as PCA3, DNA epigenetic modifications, such as methylation, and primary DNA sequence variation such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could potentially be used as urinary prostate cancer biomarkers.4, 7, 55