MTOR and osteoarthritis: For instance, in the context of osteoarthritis, synovial macrophages transform into the M1 phenotype, governed by signaling pathways encompassing the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB), c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt).51