TNF and acute respiratory distress syndrome: It has been found in this study that TNF-α is among the pivotal players incytokine signaling during the development of LPS-induced ALI and thatintranasal administration of anti-TNF-α aptamers efficiently mitigates theLPS-induced inflammatory changes in the respiratory system of mice, affects theTNF-α-regulated genes, and can be viewed as a tool for treating ALI ofdifferent etiologies and other pulmonary diseases accompanied by immunedisorders.