TNF and brain ischemia: The genes(namely, Usp18, Traf1, andTnfaip3) were chosen based on the published data according towhich their expression levels are upregulated by TNF-α in a broad range ofbiological and pathological processes, such as LPS-induced sepsis [30], myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury[31], cerebral ischemia [32], activation of the NF-κB and type Iinterferon- mediated signaling pathways [33, 34, 35, 36], as well as hematopoiesis and regeneration of the myeloidlineage [37].