TheTNF-α level remained high throughout the entire observation period,whereas the IL-6 level had declined already 16 h after ALI induction(Fig. 1C).The levels of other cytokines (IL-23, IL-1α, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-12p70,IL-1β, IL-10, IL-27, IL-17A, IFN-β, and GM-CSF) remained unchanged. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.