CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Inhibition of either programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), otherwise known as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has led to remarkable therapeutic improvements in advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet only a subset of patients achieves a meaningful and durable survival benefit.1–4 This scenario advocates for biomarkers capable of optimizing NSCLC patient selection, ideally enabling the identification of cases in which survival gain may be maximized.5