BRCA1 and breast cancer: The BRCA1 and 2 genes are the best-known examples; these genes harbor a wide-range of germline pathogenic mutations that give a very strong penetrance for occurrence of BC overall (> 50% depending on population) with the majority of that risk within early onset years.12,13 However, even for these very well-understood genes, there is a lack of data concerning their relevance in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) populations.