Herein, we observed extensive enrichments of molecular hallmarks such as E2F targets, interferon α, interferon γ, and complement across multiple independent MDS cohorts, as depicted in (Fig 6A–6D) Moreover, we observed gene sets constituting these molecular hallmarks are upregulated and correlate with high PSAT1 gene expression (Fig 6F–6I). Here, PSAT1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.