Moreover, numerous studies have reported the excellent effects of XYS on depression, anxiety, anorexia, and QoL, which may be attributed to its regulation of the hypothalamic‒pituitary‒adrenal axis, neural and synaptic plasticity, neuronal loss, microbiota components, immunology, and oxidative stress, as well as its ability to modify several key biological pathways, including the PI3K/AKT, TLR4/NLRP3, RAGE, and JAK/STAT pathways (Li et al., 2017; Zhao et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2022; Yan et al., 2022; Zeng et al., 2022; Jiao et al., 2023). Here, NLRP3 is linked to major depressive disorder.