TGFB1 and Hepatic fibrosis: In vitro experiments demonstrated that quercetin treatment led to decreased expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, HMGB1, TLR2/TLR4, and NF-κB p65 proteins in COL1α1 mRNA, suggesting that quercetin may inhibit HSCs activation and improve liver fibrosis by modulating the HMGB1/TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway.