It inhibits HepG2 activity depending on concentration and time, leading to increased LDH activity, upregulation of GRP94 and GRP78 endoplasmic reticulum stress markers at mRNA and protein levels, and induction of CHOP and caspase 3 apoptosis proteins in HCC cells (Guo et al., 2016). Here, DDIT3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.