In specific scenarios like hepatocellular carcinoma, TAMs induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CSCs through TGF-β, while activating specific signaling pathways like EGF to enhance CSC proliferation, highlighting their crucial involvement in tumor invasion, metastasis, and acquisition of stem cell characteristics (Fan et al., 2014). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is neoplasm.