The newly identified high-risk ETP-like subtype, as well as MLLT10 and BCL11B-activated subtypes accounted for greater proportion of T-ALL cases among CAYA of African ancestry as compared with European ancestry (ETP-like OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.45–4.28 Table 2; 29.3% vs 14.5% Table S1). Here, MLLT10 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.